Growth Patterns of the Face: A Morphometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Tania M. Hreczko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
The Face

Growth Patterns of the Face: A Morphometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Tania M. Hreczko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Projective Surface ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Growth Changes

Age-related growth changes in the face and the relationships between its parts were calculated by using three vertical, two horizontal, and two projective surface measurements from 1,594 healthy North American Caucasians between 1 and 18 years of age. By 1 year, the width of the mandible was highly developed (80.2%) while its height reached only 66.6% of the eventual adult size. The mandible's height and width showed significant development between 1 and 5 years, while the face height, upper face height, face width, and the two face depth measurements exhibited continuous gradual growth after 5 years of age. In general, the face matured between 12 and 15 years in males and 2 years earlier in females. At 12 years, the upper face height, the mandible height, and the width of the face reached their mature size in females. At 15 years, the face height, mandible height, face width, and the depth of the mandible reached maturity in males.

scholarly journals Skeletal alterations associated with the use of bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moara de Rossi ◽  
Andiara de Rossi ◽  
Jorge Abrão
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Bonded maxillary expansion appliances have been suggested to control increases in the vertical dimension of the face after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, there is still no consensus in the literature about its real skeletal effects. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate, longitudinally, the vertical and sagittal cephalometric alterations after RME performed with bonded maxillary expansion appliance. The sample consisted of 26 children, with a mean age of 8.7 years (range: 6.9-10.9 years), with posterior skeletal crossbite and indication for RME. After maxillary expansion, the bonded appliance was used as a fixed retention for 3.4 months, being replaced by a removable retention subsequently. The cephalometric study was performed onto lateral radiographs, taken before treatment was started, and again 6.3 months after removing the bonded appliance. Intra-group comparison was made using paired t test. The results showed that there were no significant sagittal skeletal changes at the end of treatment. There was a small vertical skeletal increase in five of the eleven evaluated cephalometric measures. The maxilla displaced downward, but it did not modify the facial growth patterns or the direction of the mandible growth. Under the specific conditions of this research, it may be concluded that RME with acrylic bonded maxillary expansion appliance did promote signifciant vertical or sagittal cephalometric alterations. The vertical changes found with the use of the bonded appliance were small and probably transitory, similar to those occurred with the use of banded expansion appliances.

scholarly journals Retracted: Morphometric study of cephalo-facial indices among Bini children in southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1552-1557
Author(s):  
D.R. Omotoso ◽  
A.J. Olanrewaju ◽  
U.C. Okwuonu ◽  
O Adagboyin ◽  
E.O. Bienonwu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Face Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Branch ◽  
Head Type

This article has been retracted by the Editor.Cephalometry is an important branch of anthropometry which involves the morphological study of structures present in the human head or scientific measurement of the dimensions of the head. Some of the most important cephalometric parameters include the length/height and breadth/width of the head, the face and the nose as well as their respective indices. These cephalometric parameters are vital in the description of variation which is a common phenomenon that characterizes human physiognomy. They are also useful in the description of human inter-racial and intra-racial similarities both within and across gender. This study involved 450 Bini children (235 males and 215 females) between ages 5-12 years. The length and width of the head and face of each subject was measured between the appropriate anatomical landmarks using spreading and sliding calipers. The measurements were used to calculate the cephalic and facial indices for each subject. The result showed sexual variation in both cephalic and facial indices among the Bini children with the males having higher values than the females. Also, the result of this study showed that prevalence of brachycephalic head type among both male (51.1%) and female (49.8%) Bini children. The mesoproscopic face type was the most prevalent face type among both male (62.6%) and female (47.4%) Bini children. The cephalo-facial indices are vital in demonstrating similarity and variation in physical morphologies of individuals or group of people of different ethnicity, races, gender and geographical locations.Keywords: Cephalometry, Cephalic index, facial index, Bini children, Nigeria

Growth Patterns of the Nasolabial Region: A Morphometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Tania M. Hreczko ◽  
Gaylene E. Pron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Study

Growth Patterns in the Orbital Region: A Morphometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Tania M. Hreczko ◽  
Gaylene E. Pron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Orbital Region

Non-uniform growth dynamics of a dominant boreal tree species (Picea mariana) in the face of rapid climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Elizabeth Sniderhan ◽  
Steven Mamet ◽  
Jennifer Baltzer
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Use Efficiency

Northwestern Canada’s boreal forest has experienced rapid warming, drying, and changes to permafrost, yet the growth responses and mechanisms driving productivity have been understudied at broad scales. Forest responses are largely driven by black spruce – the region’s most widespread and dominant tree. We collected tree-ring samples from four black spruce-dominated sites across 15° latitude, spanning gradients in climate and permafrost. We investigated (1) differences in growth patterns, (2) variations in climatic drivers of growth, and (3) trends in water use efficiency (WUE) through <sup>13</sup>C isotope analysis from 1945 – 2006. We found positive growth trends at all sites except mid-latitude, where rapid permafrost thaw drove declines. Annual growth was lowest at the tree limit site and highest at the treeline. Climatic drivers of these growth patterns varied; positive growth responses at the northerly sites were associated with warmer winters, whereas Δ<sup>13</sup>C trends and climate-growth responses at mid-latitude sites indicated growth was limited by moisture availability. Δ<sup>13</sup>C signatures indicated increased WUE at the southernmost site, with no significant trends at northern sites. These results suggest that warming will increase growth of trees at black spruce’s northern extent, but southerly areas may face drought stress if precipitation does not balance evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Allometric Growth of the Freshwater Crab Potamon algeriense (Bott, 1967) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) in Oued Zegzel, a Mountain Stream, in the Northeast of Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Fadlaoui ◽  
Mohammed Mahjoub ◽  
Ouahid El Asri ◽  
Mohammed Melhaoui
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
One Year

A morphometric study has been carried out for the first time on the population of the freshwater crab Potamon algeriense inhabiting Oued Zegzel, a tributary of the Lower Moulouya River, in the northeast of Morocco. Crabs were collected monthly over one year (October 2017 to September 2018) by excavating burrows and searching under blocks. A total of 669 crabs were obtained, 291 females and 378 males. Regression analysis was performed among carapace width (CW), as the reference dimension, and wet weight (WW), carapace length (CL), length and width of abdomen (AL and AW), and length and width of the cheliped (ChL and ChW) were chosen as dependent variables, using the allometric method. Based on Somerton’s technique, the onset of sexual maturity was estimated to occur at around 27mm CW for males and 32mm CW for females. The growth patterns recorded for P. algeriense are associated with the species reproductive strategy, i.e., preparation of body parts involved in female acquisition and egg incubation, like the male cheliped and the female abdomen, respectively. Among the 291 females sampled, 10.20% were left-handed and 89.80% were right-handed, while among the 378 males examined, 10.32% were left-handed and 89.68% were right-handed. It was concluded that the cheliped width and the abdominal width of P. algeriense are the morphometric variables most appropriate to estimate the size at the beginning of the sexual maturity for males and females of this species, respectively.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of cephalo-facial indices among Bini children in southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1580-1585
Author(s):  
D.R. Omotoso ◽  
A.J. Olanrewaju ◽  
U.C. Okwuonu ◽  
O. Adagboyin ◽  
E.O. Bienonwu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Face Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Important Branch ◽  
Head Type

Cephalometry is an important branch of anthropometry which involves the morphological study of structures present in the human head or scientific measurement of the dimensions of the head. Some of the most important cephalometric parameters include the length/height and breadth/width of the head, the face and the nose as well as their respective indices. These cephalometric parameters are vital in the description of variation which is a common phenomenon that characterizes human physiognomy. They are also useful in the description of human inter-racial and intra-racial  similarities both within and across gender. This study involved 450 Bini children (235 males and 215 females) between ages 5-12 years. The length and width of the head and face of each subject was measured between the appropriate anatomical landmarks using spreading and sliding calipers. The measurements were used to calculate the cephalic and facial indices for each subject. The result showed sexual variation in both cephalic and facial indices among the Bini children with the males having higher values than the females. Also, the result of this study showed that prevalence of brachycephalic head type among both male (51.1%) and female (49.8%) Bini children. The mesoproscopic face type was the most prevalent face type among both male (62.6%) and female (47.4%) Bini children. The cephalo-facial indices are vital in demonstrating similarity and variation in physical morphologies of individuals or group of people of different ethnicity, races, gender and geographical locations. Keywords: Cephalometry, Cephalic index, facial index, Bini children, Nigeria

Growth Patterns in the Orbital Region: A Morphometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Tania M. Hreczko ◽  
Gaylene E. Pron
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Orbital Region

Data for analysis of age-related changes in growth in the intercanthal (en–en) and biocular (ex–ex) widths were obtained from 1,594 healthy North American Caucasians in age groups from 1 to 18 years, divided equally between males and females. At 1 year, the degree of development of the intercanthal width reached 84.1%, and that of the biocular width 85.9% of adults in both sexes. The levels of growth achieved by 5 years of age rose to 93.3% in the intercanthal width and 88.1% in the biocular width, in both sexes. The average total growth increments achieved between ages 1 and 18 years were 5.2 mm in the intercanthal width and 12.5 mm in the biocular. The intercanthal width showed very little growth after 1 year of age; in contrast, the biocular width showed significantly greater growth increments both before and after 5 years of age. Rapid growth was observed between 3 and 4 years in the intercanthal width of both sexes. The age-related growth observed in the biocular width was small but continuous up to maturation time. The intercanthal width reached full maturation at 8 years in females and 11 years in males, and the biocular width at 13 years in females and 15 years in males.

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